INTRO: William McKinley, the 25th President of the United States, played a crucial role in shaping the nation during a pivotal period in its history. His presidency, which lasted from 1897 until his assassination in 1901, was marked by significant events such as the Spanish-American War and the introduction of major economic policies. This article presents ten key facts about McKinley that highlight his contributions and the historical context of his presidency.
1. William McKinley Served as the 25th U.S. President
William McKinley took office as the 25th President of the United States on March 4, 1897. He was a member of the Republican Party and had previously served as the Governor of Ohio. His presidency was characterized by a commitment to economic growth and national unity, which resonated with the American public during a time of industrial expansion and social change. McKinley’s leadership style was marked by a sense of calm and deliberation, which helped him navigate the challenges of his time, including economic depression and international conflicts.
2. He Led the Nation During the Spanish-American War
One of the defining moments of McKinley’s presidency was the Spanish-American War, which erupted in 1898. The conflict was fueled by U.S. intervention in the Cuban War of Independence and the mysterious sinking of the USS Maine in Havana Harbor. Under McKinley’s leadership, the United States emerged victorious, resulting in the acquisition of territories such as Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines. This war marked a significant shift in U.S. foreign policy, transitioning from a continental to an imperial power, which had long-lasting implications for American international relations.
3. McKinley Was Born in 1843 in Niles, Ohio
Born on January 29, 1843, in Niles, Ohio, William McKinley grew up in a modest family. His father was a farmer and a domestic goods store owner, which influenced McKinley’s understanding of the economy. He attended public schools and later enrolled at Allegheny College, although he left after one year due to illness. His formative years were marked by a strong sense of duty and a commitment to education, which later shaped his leadership philosophy and dedication to public service.
4. He Was the Last President to Fight in the Civil War
William McKinley was the last U.S. president to have served in the Civil War, enlisting in the Union Army as a private in 1861. He quickly rose through the ranks to the position of brevet major, participating in several key battles, including Antietam and Gettysburg. His military service instilled in him a deep respect for American democracy and a commitment to national unity, which influenced his political career. The experiences gained during the war also provided him with a strong sense of leadership and resilience that would serve him well during his presidency.
5. McKinley Introduced the Gold Standard Act of 1900
In 1900, McKinley signed the Gold Standard Act, which established gold as the sole standard for redeeming paper currency in the United States. This legislation aimed to stabilize the economy and restore public confidence in the currency following the economic turmoil of the 1890s. By committing to the gold standard, McKinley sought to ensure predictable monetary policy and curb inflation, reflecting his belief in sound money principles. This act laid the groundwork for the economic policies of the 20th century and played a pivotal role in shaping American financial stability.
6. His Presidency Saw the Rise of American Imperialism
McKinley’s presidency coincided with the rise of American imperialism, as the United States began to extend its influence beyond its borders. The victory in the Spanish-American War and the acquisition of overseas territories signaled a new era for America, where it took on greater responsibilities on the world stage. McKinley believed that the U.S. had a moral obligation to civilize and uplift other nations, a belief that drove expansionist policies. This era set the stage for the United States to emerge as a global power in the 20th century.
7. McKinley Was Assassinated by an Anarchist in 1901
Tragically, William McKinley’s presidency was cut short when he was assassinated by anarchist Leon Czolgosz on September 6, 1901, during a public event in Buffalo, New York. McKinley was shot twice and initially appeared to be recovering but succumbed to his wounds days later on September 14. His assassination was a shocking event that highlighted the growing concerns over political violence and anarchism in the United States. McKinley’s death led to the succession of Vice President Theodore Roosevelt, who dramatically shifted the direction of the presidency.
8. He Was Known for His Strong Support of Tariff Policies
McKinley was a staunch advocate of protective tariffs, believing they were essential for nurturing American industries and protecting American jobs. He played a significant role in the passage of the Dingley Tariff Act of 1897, which raised tariff rates to a historic high. This policy aimed to foster industrial growth and protect domestic manufacturers from foreign competition. McKinley’s pro-tariff stance reflected his broader economic philosophy that favored a strong, interventionist government role in promoting economic development.
9. William McKinley Was the First President to Use a Telephone
William McKinley was the first sitting president to embrace the use of the telephone, recognizing its potential for enhancing communication and governance. He utilized this technology to connect with his cabinet and key political figures, marking a significant advancement in presidential communication. His administration’s innovative use of this new medium laid the groundwork for future presidents to engage more effectively with the public and coordinate national responses to various challenges.
10. He is Buried in the National McKinley Memorial in Ohio
Following his assassination, William McKinley was laid to rest in the National McKinley Memorial, located in Canton, Ohio. This memorial, designed by architect Harold Van Buren Magonigle, features a grand structure topped with a statue of McKinley and is situated in a beautiful park setting. The memorial serves not only as a tribute to his life and presidency but also as a reminder of the impact he had on the nation during a transformative period in American history.
OUTRO: William McKinley’s presidency was marked by significant achievements and challenges that shaped the course of the United States. From leading the nation through war to advocating for economic stability, his legacy continues to influence American policy and identity. These ten facts illustrate the breadth of his contributions and the historical context of his time in office, reminding us of the complexities of leadership during a pivotal era in American history.