INTRO: The House of Parliament, an iconic symbol of British democracy, is steeped in history and tradition. Located in the heart of London, it serves as the meeting place for both the House of Commons and the House of Lords. This remarkable building not only represents the political heart of the United Kingdom but also showcases a wealth of architectural and historical significance. Here are ten intriguing facts about the House of Parliament that highlight its importance.
1. The House of Parliament is over 1,000 years old!
The origins of the House of Parliament date back to the early medieval period, specifically around the year 1016, when the Anglo-Saxon king Cnut established a council of nobles to aid in governance. This assembly evolved over the centuries, transitioning from a gathering of elite nobles to the structured parliamentary system we recognize today. The building itself has undergone numerous renovations and reconstructions, especially following significant events like the Great Fire of London in 1666 and the 19th-century rebuilding led by architect Charles Barry.
2. It was originally a royal palace before becoming a parliament.
Before it became the seat of British governance, the Palace of Westminster served as a royal residence. In the 11th century, it was the favored home of various monarchs, including Edward the Confessor, who built the original Westminster Abbey nearby. Over time, as the role of the monarchy shifted and the demand for a dedicated legislative assembly grew, the palace began to accommodate the needs of Parliament. This transformation marked a significant shift in British political history, as the building transitioned from a site of royal power to one of parliamentary democracy.
3. The iconic Big Ben is actually the name of the bell, not the clock.
Many people associate the name "Big Ben" with the clock tower itself, but it actually refers to the Great Bell housed within the tower. The structure, officially known as the Elizabeth Tower (renamed in 2012 to honor Queen Elizabeth II), was completed in 1859. The bell, which weighs 13.5 long tons (approximately 13.7 metric tonnes), has become a national symbol and is famous for its distinctive chimes. The clock mechanism is renowned for its precision and has been a reliable timekeeper for Londoners since its inception.
4. The building features over 1,000 rooms and 100 staircases.
The vast size of the Palace of Westminster is impressive, encompassing over 1,100 rooms and more than 100 staircases. This extensive layout accommodates the various functions of Parliament, including offices, committee rooms, and chambers for both Houses. Each room is richly decorated and often features historical artwork and furnishings, reflecting the building’s long-standing importance. The complex nature of the architecture also poses challenges in navigation, prompting guided tours to help visitors appreciate its grandeur while learning about its history.
5. The Palace of Westminster is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
In 1987, the Palace of Westminster was designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, recognizing its outstanding universal value and architectural significance. This designation highlights not only the building’s historical importance as the center of British governance but also its role in influencing democratic principles worldwide. The intricate Gothic Revival architecture, designed by Charles Barry and Augustus Pugin, is celebrated for its aesthetic beauty and intricate detailing, making it a masterpiece of 19th-century architecture.
6. The House of Commons and Lords have distinct architectural styles.
The architectural design of the House of Commons and the House of Lords reflects their unique functions and historical roots. The House of Commons, characterized by a more functional and less ornate style, emphasizes accessibility and practicality, which is fitting for a chamber that embodies the voice of the electorate. In contrast, the House of Lords features elaborate Gothic detailing and opulent decor, underscoring its historical ties to the aristocracy and traditions of the British nobility. This architectural dichotomy symbolizes the differing roles and histories of the two Houses within the UK Parliament.
7. It survived the Great Fire of London in 1666 and WW2 bombings.
The Palace of Westminster has withstood numerous challenges throughout its history, including the Great Fire of London in 1666, which destroyed a significant portion of the city, yet left the palace largely intact. However, during World War II, the building was not so fortunate; it suffered severe damage from bombings in 1941, leading to extensive repairs. These historical events have shaped the building’s current form and are a testament to its resilience and importance as a national symbol.
8. The famous "green" and "red" benches symbolize political parties.
Within the chambers of the House of Commons and the House of Lords, the seating arrangements are not only a matter of comfort but also deeply symbolic. The benches in the House of Commons are traditionally green, representing the common people and their interests, while the red benches of the House of Lords signify the aristocracy. This color-coding serves as a visual reminder of the distinct roles and functions of the two Houses, reinforcing the UK’s bicameral parliamentary system.
9. The House of Commons once had a members-only pub on-site.
In a lighter aspect of parliamentary life, the House of Commons once housed a pub known as the "Strangers’ Bar," which catered exclusively to Members of Parliament and their guests. This establishment served as a social hub where MPs could unwind, discuss legislative matters, and build relationships outside formal proceedings. Although the pub still exists, its role has shifted over the years, reflecting the evolving culture within Parliament and the importance of camaraderie among lawmakers.
10. The building is home to the UK’s oldest working clock, the Great Clock.
The Great Clock of Westminster, commonly referred to as the clock that adorns Big Ben, holds the distinction of being the oldest working clock in the United Kingdom. Installed in 1859, it was designed to be both visually impressive and functionally reliable. The clock mechanism is renowned for its accuracy, and the bell’s chimes can be heard across London, marking the passage of time for both locals and visitors alike. This historical timepiece symbolizes not only the importance of punctuality in governance but also the enduring legacy of the Palace of Westminster.
OUTRO: The House of Parliament is much more than just a building; it encapsulates over a millennium of history and the evolution of British democracy. From its origins as a royal residence to its current role as a center of political power, the Palace of Westminster continues to be a vital part of the UK’s identity. Each fact highlights the rich tapestry of stories and significance interwoven into its walls, making it an enduring symbol of the nation’s governance and heritage.