INTRO: Savannah, Georgia, known for its picturesque landscapes and historic charm, is a city steeped in rich history. Founded in the early 18th century, Savannah played a significant role in various pivotal moments in American history. This article presents ten fascinating facts about Savannah’s history that illuminate its cultural, social, and architectural heritage.
1. Savannah Was Founded in 1733 as America’s First Planned City
Savannah’s establishment in 1733 by General James Oglethorpe marked the beginning of America’s first planned city. Oglethorpe designed Savannah with a unique layout featuring a series of public squares, which were intended to promote community interaction and improve urban living. Unlike other contemporary settlements that developed organically, Savannah’s plan was deliberate, incorporating defensive structures and green spaces. The city was initially populated by a diverse group of settlers, including debtors, artisans, and immigrants, which set the stage for its dynamic cultural tapestry.
2. The City Served as a Key Port During the American Revolution
During the American Revolution, Savannah became a crucial port city for the colonies, serving as a major hub for trade and military strategy. Its location along the Savannah River allowed for the transport of goods and troops, significantly influencing the war effort. The city saw intense battles, most notably the Siege of Savannah in 1779, where American and French forces attempted to reclaim the city from British control. Although the siege was unsuccessful, it highlighted Savannah’s strategic importance during the revolution and contributed to its evolving identity.
3. Savannah Was the Last Major City Captured in the Civil War
In December 1864, Savannah became the last major city captured by Union General William Tecumseh Sherman during his infamous March to the Sea. After a fierce campaign, Sherman’s forces took control of the city without a significant battle, leading to the Union’s successful capture of Savannah on December 21. The fall of Savannah marked a turning point in the Civil War, as it enabled Union forces to cut off vital supply lines to the Confederacy and further exemplified the devastating impact of the war on Southern cities.
4. The Historic District Features Over 20 City Squares
One of Savannah’s most distinctive features is its Historic District, which is home to over 20 city squares. These squares, originally designed as public gathering spaces, are surrounded by stunning architecture and lush greenery. Each square boasts its own unique history and character, often marked by monuments, fountains, and shaded benches. This network of squares not only serves as a centerpiece for community events and celebrations but also reflects the city’s commitment to preserving its historical legacy and fostering civic pride.
5. Savannah is Home to the Famous Bonaventure Cemetery
Bonaventure Cemetery, established in the 19th century, is one of Savannah’s most famous landmarks, renowned for its haunting beauty and historical significance. The cemetery is the final resting place of numerous notable figures, including Johnny Mercer, a famous American lyricist, and Conrad Aiken, a Pulitzer Prize-winning poet. Its picturesque setting, adorned with elaborate tombstones, moss-draped oaks, and intriguing sculptures, has inspired countless visitors and artists alike. The cemetery also features a rich array of architectural styles, blending Gothic, Victorian, and classic influences that enhance its allure.
6. The City Has a Rich History of Ghost Stories and Hauntings
Savannah is often referred to as one of the most haunted cities in America, with a wealth of ghost stories and legends that captivate both locals and tourists. The city’s history of violence, war, and tragic events has led to numerous tales of spirits lingering in historic homes, cemeteries, and public squares. Tours dedicated to exploring Savannah’s ghostly inhabitants have become immensely popular, offering visitors a chance to delve into the darker side of the city’s past. Iconic locations such as the Moon River Brewing Company and the Sorrel-Weed House are frequently cited as hot spots for paranormal activity.
7. Savannah’s Architecture Reflects 18th and 19th Century Styles
The architecture of Savannah is a vivid representation of 18th and 19th-century styles, showcasing influences from various trends including Colonial, Federal, and Victorian. Many buildings feature intricate ironwork, expansive verandas, and large windows that characterize the Southern architectural aesthetic. Notable structures, such as the Telfair Academy and the Owens-Thomas House, highlight the city’s commitment to preserving its historical architectural integrity. This blend of styles has made Savannah a popular destination for architecture enthusiasts and has earned it recognition on the National Register of Historic Places.
8. The First Girl Scout Cookies Were Sold in Savannah
Savannah holds a special place in the history of the Girl Scouts, as it is the birthplace of the organization. Founded by Juliette Gordon Low in 1912, the first Girl Scout cookies were sold by her troop in Savannah to raise funds for community projects. This innovative fundraising idea quickly gained traction and eventually developed into the nationwide phenomenon we know today. The Girl Scouts continue to thrive in Savannah, with the Juliette Gordon Low Birthplace serving as a museum, celebrating her legacy and the organization’s impact on girls’ empowerment.
9. Savannah Was Named After the Savannah River and Its Tribes
The name Savannah is derived from the Savannah River, which flows along the city’s border. The river was significant to Native American tribes, including the Yamacraw, who inhabited the region before European settlement. The word "Savannah" itself is believed to have its roots in the Shawnee word "savanah," meaning "a large, grassy plain." The city’s name not only signifies its geographical features but also pays homage to the rich heritage of the indigenous tribes that lived in harmony with the land for centuries.
10. The City Has Hosted Numerous Famous Writers Over Centuries
Savannah’s enchanting scenery and rich history have attracted a host of famous writers over the centuries. Notable literary figures such as Flannery O’Connor, who drew inspiration from the Southern landscapes, and James Alan McPherson, a Pulitzer Prize-winning author, called Savannah home at various points in their lives. The city’s vibrant literary scene continues to flourish, with numerous events, festivals, and local authors contributing to a lively culture that celebrates storytelling and the written word.
OUTRO: Savannah, Georgia, is a city where history comes alive through its streets, architecture, and the stories of its people. From its establishment as America’s first planned city to its role in significant historical events, Savannah’s legacy is rich and multifaceted. As we explore these ten facts, we gain a deeper appreciation for a city that has continuously evolved while remaining firmly rooted in its historical foundations.