INTRO: Chester A. Arthur, the 21st President of the United States, occupies a unique position in American history. His presidency, though often overshadowed by that of his predecessor, James A. Garfield, and successor, Grover Cleveland, was significant in several ways. Here are ten fascinating facts about Chester A. Arthur that highlight his life, career, and contributions to the nation.
Chester A. Arthur was the 21st President of the U.S.
Chester A. Arthur assumed the presidency on September 20, 1881, following the assassination of President Garfiеld. As a relatively unknown figure, his ascension to the highest office came as a surprise to many. His presidency lasted until March 4, 1885, during which he faced the challenge of navigating a country rife with political corruption and the need for reform. Despite initial skepticism about his capabilities due to his political background, Arthur’s administration marked a significant shift toward modernization and reform in the federal government.
He was a prominent lawyer before entering politics.
Before his political career, Arthur was a successful lawyer in New York City. He graduated from Union College in 1848 and quickly established himself in the legal field, specializing in cases related to property law and railroad litigation. His legal acumen and charm helped him secure numerous high-profile clients, leading to a prosperous career. This legal background would later serve him well in navigating the complexities of political life and governance.
Arthur advocated for civil service reform during his presidency.
One of the hallmark achievements of Arthur’s presidency was his advocacy for civil service reform. Initially seen as a product of the patronage system, Arthur surprised many by championing the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act of 1883, which aimed to end the practice of political patronage in government appointments. This groundbreaking legislation established a merit-based system for federal employment, marking a significant step toward reducing corruption and increasing efficiency within the government.
He was born in Fairfield, Vermont, on October 5, 1829.
Chester Alan Arthur was born in Fairfield, Vermont, to a relatively humble family. His father was a Baptist preacher who had immigrated from Ireland, while his mother was a native of the United States. Growing up in a nurturing environment that emphasized education, Arthur excelled academically, particularly in classical studies. His educational pursuits eventually led him to Union College in Schenectady, New York, where he graduated with honors, setting the stage for his future career in law and politics.
Arthur served as Collector of the Port of New York.
Before becoming president, Arthur held the influential position of Collector of the Port of New York, a role he assumed in 1871. This position not only made him one of the most powerful figures in the city but also provided him with substantial income through customs duties. However, his tenure was marked by allegations of corruption, which he worked to combat during his presidency. His experience in this role underscored the importance of reforming a system that had become synonymous with graft and favoritism.
He was known for his distinctive facial hair and fashion sense.
Chester A. Arthur was not just a political figure; he was also a man of style. Known for his distinctive mutton chops and well-groomed beard, Arthur was considered one of the best-dressed presidents in U.S. history. He embraced the fashion of his era, often seen in tailored suits and formal attire that reflected his status and personality. His keen sense of style made him a fashionable figure in Washington, D.C., and contributed to his public image as a dignified leader.
Arthur became president after Garfield’s assassination.
Arthur’s presidency began under tragic circumstances when President Garfield was shot by an assassin in July 1881 and died in September of the same year. Despite their differences, Arthur felt a deep sense of responsibility to honor Garfield’s legacy. The transition from Garfield’s administration to his own was fraught with challenges, as Arthur sought to distance himself from the spoils system that had characterized the previous administration and to prove that he was more than just a Stalwart political operative.
He expanded the U.S. Navy and modernized its fleet.
During his time in office, Arthur recognized the need for a stronger and more modern U.S. Navy, advocating for significant reforms and expansion. He supported the construction of steel warships, which were critical in transitioning the Navy from wooden vessels to more formidable ironclad ships. His efforts to modernize the fleet laid the groundwork for a more powerful military presence on the world stage, reflecting the growing importance of naval strength in international affairs during the late 19th century.
Arthur was a member of the Republican Party’s Stalwart faction.
Arthur was closely associated with the Stalwart faction of the Republican Party, which supported the patronage system and opposed civil service reform. This political alignment initially threatened to define his presidency, as many viewed him as a continuation of the status quo. However, his unexpected shift toward reform during his administration showcased his ability to adapt and prioritize the needs of the country over party loyalty, leading to a more balanced approach to governance.
He passed away from kidney disease in 1886 at age 56.
Chester A. Arthur’s life was cut short when he succumbed to kidney disease on November 18, 1886, at the age of 56. His health had been declining for several years, and he had largely withdrawn from public life after leaving the presidency. Arthur’s death marked the end of a presidency that, while often overlooked, played an important role in shaping the future of American governance. His legacy lives on in the reforms he championed and his unexpected departure from the political norms of his time.
OUTRO: Chester A. Arthur’s life and presidency were marked by remarkable contrasts and significant contributions to American politics. From his unexpected rise to the presidency and his advocacy for civil service reform to his commitment to modernizing the U.S. Navy, Arthur’s legacy remains an essential chapter in the story of the nation’s governance and evolution. His journey from a humble lawyer in Vermont to the White House serves as a reminder of the complexities of leadership and the enduring impact of reform.