INTRO: Saint Bernard of Clairvaux, a towering figure in medieval Christendom, is renowned for his immense contributions to monastic life, theology, and the Church at large. His life and works continue to resonate within both historical and spiritual contexts. This article delves into ten significant facts about this influential saint, highlighting his lasting legacy and impact on Christian thought and practice.
1. Saint Bernard of Clairvaux Founded the Cistercian Order
In 1115, Saint Bernard of Clairvaux was instrumental in founding the Cistercian Order, a reform movement aimed at returning to a more austere and contemplative form of monasticism. Seeking to adhere closely to the Rule of St. Benedict, the Cistercians promoted simpler living, agricultural labor, and a return to the spiritual rigor that had marked early monastic communities. Bernard’s vision for the Order emphasized community life and a deep commitment to prayer, which significantly influenced monastic practices across Europe, leading to the establishment of over 700 Cistercian monasteries during the Middle Ages.
2. He Was Born in 1090 in the Kingdom of Burgundy
Bernard was born in 1090 in the Kingdom of Burgundy, in a region that is now part of France. His birth into a noble family provided him with a privileged upbringing, yet he chose to lead a life devoted to God rather than pursuing a secular career. His early life in the sprawling estates of his father, a lord, and his mother, who was deeply pious, played a crucial role in shaping his future. The values instilled in him during his youth would later translate into his deep commitment to faith, community, and the reform of monastic life.
3. Bernard Became a Monk at the Age of 22 Years
At the age of 22, Bernard decided to enter the monastic life, joining the Cistercian community at the Abbey of Citeaux. His decision was a pivotal moment, as he soon emerged as a leader within the Order. Within a short span, he was entrusted with the task of founding a new monastery in Clairvaux in 1115, which would become the motherhouse of many other Cistercian communities. His passionate spirituality and leadership qualities facilitated rapid growth for the Order, attracting many followers eager to embrace his vision of a devout and ascetic life.
4. His Writings Influenced Christian Mysticism and Theology
Saint Bernard’s eloquent writings on spirituality, mysticism, and theology have significantly shaped Christian thought. His treatises, such as "On Loving God" and "On the Consideration of the Holy Sacraments," explore the relationship between God and humanity, emphasizing love as the core of Christian life. His mystical theology, which stresses the importance of internal contemplation and divine union, continues to influence Christian mystics and theologians to this day. Bernard’s ability to articulate complex spiritual ideas in an accessible manner made his works foundational for both monastic and lay Christians seeking a deeper understanding of their faith.
5. Saint Bernard Played a Key Role in the Second Crusade
Bernard was a prominent advocate for the Second Crusade, which took place from 1147 to 1149. He was commissioned by Pope Eugene III to rally support for the Crusade, utilizing his powerful oratory skills to stir the hearts of Christians across Europe. His sermons inspired many to take up the cross, leading to significant mobilization of forces for the campaign. Despite the eventual failure of the Crusade to achieve its military objectives, Bernard’s involvement highlights his influential role in the political and spiritual landscape of the time, as well as his deep commitment to the cause of Christianity.
6. He Was Canonized Just 30 Years After His Death
Saint Bernard of Clairvaux passed away on August 20, 1153, and was canonized by Pope Alexander III in 1174, a mere 30 years later. This swift canonization reflects the profound impact he had on the Church and the widespread admiration for his piety and leadership. His sanctification is indicative of the veneration he received from both his contemporaries and subsequent generations who recognized his contributions to monastic life, Christian theology, and the defense of the faith.
7. Bernard of Clairvaux Advocated for the Poor and Orphans
Throughout his life, Saint Bernard demonstrated a deep concern for the marginalized, particularly the poor and orphans. He emphasized the responsibility of Christians to care for the less fortunate as a manifestation of their faith. Bernard’s advocacy led to the establishment of charitable works and services that addressed the needs of the vulnerable. His commitment to social justice was revolutionary for his time and laid the groundwork for future Christian charitable initiatives, creating a legacy of compassion and care that continues to inspire the Church’s social teachings.
8. He Popularized the Devotion to the Virgin Mary
Saint Bernard is often credited with popularizing devotion to the Virgin Mary in the medieval Church. His heartfelt reflections on Mary’s role in salvation and her qualities as the Mother of God resonated deeply with the faithful. Bernard’s writings, particularly his sermons dedicated to Mary, emphasized her intercessory power and maternal compassion, fostering a deeper appreciation for her place within Christian spirituality. This Marian devotion became a cornerstone of Cistercian spirituality and significantly influenced the broader Catholic tradition, shaping how future generations understood and venerated Mary.
9. Saint Bernard’s Feast Day is Celebrated on August 20
The feast day of Saint Bernard is celebrated on August 20, marking the anniversary of his death in 1153. This day is observed in various Christian denominations, particularly within the Catholic Church, as a time to honor his life and contributions. Celebrations often include special liturgies, prayers, and reflections on his teachings and example. The observance of his feast day serves as a reminder of his enduring legacy in monasticism, spirituality, and social justice, inspiring countless individuals to follow in his footsteps.
10. He Was Declared a Doctor of the Church in 1830
In 1830, Pope Pius VIII declared Saint Bernard of Clairvaux a Doctor of the Church, a title reserved for saints whose teachings have had a profound and lasting impact on Christian doctrine. This recognition highlights Bernard’s theological contributions and the significance of his writings, which have been studied and revered throughout the centuries. As a Doctor of the Church, he is celebrated not only for his monastic reforms but also for his deep insights into the nature of God, Christ, and human love, solidifying his role as one of the most important figures in Christian history.
OUTRO: Saint Bernard of Clairvaux’s life and works exemplify a profound commitment to God, community, and the poor, making him a pivotal figure in the history of the Church. His legacy endures not only in the monastic traditions he established but also in the rich theological insights he provided. As we reflect on these ten facts, we are reminded of the timeless relevance of his teachings and the enduring impact of his faith-driven life on the world.